Should Cell Phones Should Be Banned While Driving

Should phones be banned while driving? I agree with the fact that phones should be banned while driving. This is because phones have become a major cause of accidents lately and many people are losing their lives in the event. As a person, there are numerous times I have had to run into people while texting or talking on a phone. If this is the case while just walking, what comes out when one is using a phone while driving? The most worrying issue is the fact that most people are valuing their convenience rather than minding about their general safety. This is a behavior that is growing so fast that if the authorities cannot do something about, then more people are going to get affected by the menace. Just apart from causing accidents†¦show more content†¦Daniel Kaffine, â€Å"It’s possible that people who continued to use their cell phones were people who were more inclined to get into accidents anyway† (Howard). This means that such people are always aware of the fact that their behaviors are very dangerous but choose to engage in them thereby endangering peoples’ lives something this is an unethical practice. The authorities should, therefore, try to ensure that this practice is brought to an end in order to save peoples’ lives. Such people are always innocent but fall victims of the bad practices by the careless drivers. The second the reason as to why phones should be banned while driving is because the accidents that arise from the practice have also increased the insurance claims that are being witnessed at the moment. Since using of phones while driving is causing a lot of accidents on the road, many insurance companies are now feeling the impact that arises from the many claims that are now being lodged to the companies. It must be appreciated that the insurance companies are instrumental in ensuring that those involved in accidents are compensated and that they are restored to their initial status. This does not mean therefore that people and more so drivers should become careless as they are right now just because in case of any lossShow MoreRelatedUsing The Cell Phone Should Be Banned While Driving793 Words   |  4 Pagesin my introduction why I write the cold calling essay. My thesis statement is using the cell phone should be banned while driving. I show three reasons that help readers to understand my argument. I also try to convince readers to think about how dangerous to use the cell phone while driving. I use some citation that helps readers to think more closely about my argument. What words will express it? Should make my argument stronger and it is the common word in my essay. I do not use any vagueRead MoreEssay on Cell Phone Use Should be Banned While Driving985 Words   |  4 PagesYou are driving down the road in your brand new Cadillac Escalade. The sky is bright blue without a cloud in the sky. Your phone rings and you answer it. You start talking and get deeply involved in the conversation. Before you know it, you just ran a red light and get side swiped by a school bus. Your life is now upside down. Finally, you are able to pull yourself out of your new Escalade with no injury. However, a few of the students have been injured and one killed. Now you have to liveRead MoreSpeech Outline: Use of Cell Phones Should be Banned While Driving623 Words   |  3 PagesOutline Topic: Why Banning the Use of Cell Phones While Driving Should Be Mandatory Nationwide. General Purpose: To save lives, up to 3,000 a year in America, by reducing the number of car accidents. Specific Purpose: Keep drivers attention on the road, where it belongs. Central idea: Cell phone use while driving a vehicle should be banned nationwide because it distracts drivers and thereby causes accidents. Introduction Key point #1: Use of cell phones has proliferated to the extent thatRead MoreEssay about Cell Phone Use While Driving should be Banned in all States546 Words   |  3 PagesCell Phone Use While Driving should be Banned in all States Imagine you are driving down the road and you begin to notice the car in front of you is swerving. You start to wonder if the driver may be under the influence; you keep a close watch on the car, but keep your distance for safety precautions. All of a sudden the driver slams on their brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian and you end up rear-ending them. Later you discover that the driver was texting on their phone and almost hit the pedestrianRead MoreStop the Use of Cell Phones While Driving854 Words   |  4 Pages13 2013 Many people driving don’t know that they can be so many wrongs they can be doing without realizing it. Plenty talk on the phone while driving, drink, text and drive. A lot of people even innocent people as well have had accidents involving one of those. Out of the three there has been one that has become more common, and it’s only increasing if people don’t put a stop to it themselves. A usage of a cell phone should not be displayed at any point while driving. It can wait many have hadRead MoreEssay on Get Off The Phone!!! While Driving...584 Words   |  3 Pagesfor cell phone banning. One of the worst train accidents in U.S history occurred when a conductor exchanged text messages on his phone while operating the train. People in the United States are often pulled over for cell phone use and cited. This issue has sparked big controversy with lawmakers. The use of a cell phone is not the only distraction while driving but it is known that it could potentially cause disaster like discussed above. The result of this has caused many states to outlaw cell phoneRead MoreDangers Of Cell Phones1241 Words   |  5 PagesEven though cell phones can be used as navigators and for quick communication. They can still lead us to car crashes and death departures in families. In most cases, cell phones being the chief culprit. Cell phone use in the car can cause brain distractions, addiction towards drivers and deteriorate driving skills. Altogether these reasons show that cell phone usage should be banned while driving, in order to prevent death and unnecessary trauma. Firstly, cell phones should be banned because theyRead MoreCell Phone Dangers While Driving1046 Words   |  5 PagesCell-Phone Dangers While Driving Introduction Today, we use our cell phones for just about anything and everything to include; texting, talking to our loved ones, and connecting with the rest of the world via social media. Cell phones have become a natural way of life to where we pick up our phones and use them like second nature. However, the dangers present themselves when we get behind the wheel of a car and carry these habits of cell phone addictions with us. If all states ban the use of cellRead MorePersuasive Essay on Cell Phone Driving1100 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of cell phones in drivers have been linked too frequently in accidents. There are too many distractions in life as it is, are we so arrogant to think that we are such amazing drivers that we can do several things at once? Most accidents involving cell phones wouldn t have happened if the driver wasn t distracted. When we drive that should be the only activity we are doing. Posted by: Gri5Helpful Report Post Like Reply 0 0 Cell phone usage while driving shouldRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving1503 Words   |  7 Pagesforth over the lines or driving at very inconsistent speeds. You wonder what could possibly be causing the driver to drive so erratically. Is the driver drunk? Is the driver preoccupied with eating his or her lunch? Is the driver busy attending children in the backseat? Once you pull along the side you realize that was not the case, instead you notice the driver has a cellular telephone up to her or his ear chatting away, or even worse you pass and see the driver holding a phone texting, you pass by

Downsizing Fiduciary and Great Harm Free Essays

There is a well known issue in corporations when it comes down to downsizing. Corporate downsizing is that act of corporations cutting workers usually by closing whole plants or divisions to increase profits. This practice is often used today and is thought by some to be a moral practice to improve economy overall. We will write a custom essay sample on Downsizing: Fiduciary and Great Harm or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, some think that it causes the workers great suffrage from unemployment, which leads to loss of homes, depression, and crimes. Furthermore, it affects the economy by the decrease in money flow.Many believe that the people who invest their money in the corporation (shareholders) deserve to have the most interest from the managers to maximize their profits. One method of maximizing their profits is to downsize workers. Some people have a problem with that because they believe that the employees being cut at the expense of maximizing profits for the shareholder is morally wrong. John Orlando thinks that downsizing is often wrong. In his article, The Ethics of Corporate Downsizing, he gives both sides of the argument for downsizing then tells how to apply his finding in real corporations.Orlando’s argument is that downsizing is wrong most of the time. For example, he argues that shareholders do not and should not hold more interest from managers then the employees. He goes on to say that they should be treated equal, so downsizing is only right if both sides (shareholders and employees) accept the action. Also, he says downsizing is justified if only it is done as a means to save the corporation and it is not right as a means of just extra profits.He defends the workers who have been laid off because of downsizing by saying that they are heavily affected by loss of income, property, and some even commit suicide. An argument that he addresses for shareholders is that they are legal owners that have property rights to dispose property as they please. Orlando counters that by saying property rights don’t match with corporations because they are using the property for profits not for a home. The second argument for downsizing is that managers are bound by a fiduciary duty to their shareholders that is greater than any duty to anyone else.Orlando counters by stating that there is not an actual regulated duty. â€Å"Fiduciary duties† are a label for the obligations that a manager owes a shareholder doesn’t create or establish duties to the agent. Another agrument for the employees having equal interest as shareholders is that shareholders should have legitimate expectation, meaning shareholders invest their capital should know their risks and expect gains and sometimes losses. Fairness is the third argument   against downsizing. Orlando states that one should not be punished or reward for things out of their control.Workers who lose their jobs, even if was doing job well, due to downsizing is wrong. This gives workers insecurity at the work place because they know no matter how well they do their jobs; they can be laid off because of any type of mismanagement. One argument for corporate downsizing I choose to asses is the claim that since shareholders have invested money, they hold interest from managers over all other parties. Furthermore, The Corporation should operate for the shareholders benefits since they invested money.One argument against corporate downsizing is it is not moral to cause a great harm for a lesser benefit, even to a greater number of people. Also wrong to cause a great harm to a few in order to cause a great benefit to many. No amount of harm is right if it is used to benefit others. It has been proven that downsizing causes losses like suicide and loss of homes. Shareholders only make a minor benefit when stocks rise. Downsizing to prevent a large amount of jobs to be preserved is okay, but downsizing to maximize profits is causing harm to employees.Both arguments are strong, but the one against downsizing seems a little flawed to me. For instance, even though causing any harm to any amount of people is wrong, there are many situations where either the harm is going to happen to the few or the many, and I think in situations like that where it’s one or the other, it is okay to go with harming the few in order to save the many. Even Orlando says in that same argument that it is okay to downsize to prevent a large amount of job loss, but not okay to downsizing for extra profits.My problem with that is that even when downsizing to preserve the greater amount of jobs, you will still harm the few that you lay off, so his argument of no harm to anyone is moral, is flawed. On the other hand, the argument that downsizing is permissible because the managers have an obligation to maximize profits to shareholders because they have invested money is also flawed, but a little more understandable. It is flawed because it doesn’t take into account that the employees have taken some risks to work for the corporation that can involve them losing money also.For example, by joining the company they have passed up on other jobs in which they could have gotten equal or better pay from. Also if they get laid off from downsizing, they will lose money that they invested into to school that they studied and got trained for. Furthermore, they might have to relocate homes or schools for their children to find a different job. Although those arguments are strong for why downsizing is not permissible just because shareholders have invested money, in the business world its becoming more excepting that managers maximizing profits is the right thing to do How to cite Downsizing: Fiduciary and Great Harm, Papers

Reviewing basics free essay sample

Chapter 11 1. List four ways to start task manager? CTRL+ALT+DELETE Right click blank area in taskbar, and select task manager from shortcut menu CTRL+SHIFT+ESCAPE Click start, enter taskmgr.exe in search box, and press enter 2. If a program is not responding, how can you stop it? Use task manger APPLICATIONS TAB and find program and click end process 3. If a necessary program is using too much system resources and bogging down other applications, what can you do to fix the problem? Use the applications tab of Task Manager and right click the program and click go to process and then change the priority level 4. How can you view a list of users currently logged onto the computer? The USERS tab of WINDOWS TASK MANAGER 5. What is the program filename and extension of System Configuration? Msconfig.exe 6. Which Windows 7 tool can be used to see a history of problems a computer has had since windows was installed? Computer Management Compmgmt.msc EVENT VIEWER 7. What tool in Windows Vista, used to temporarily disable a startup program, is not available in Windows 7 or Windows XP? 8. If a nonessential service is slowing down startup, how can you permanently disable it? 9. What should be the startup type of service that should not load at startup, but might be used later after startup? What tool can you use to set a service’s startup type? Automatic (Delayed Start) Services Console services.msc 10. List three snap-ins that can be found in the Computer Management console that are used to manage hardware and track problems with hardware. Event Viewer eventvwr.msc Device Mangagerdevmgmt.msc Disk Managementdiskmgmt.msc 11. What is the file extension of a console that is managed by Microsoft Management Console? .msc 12. Name the program filename and file extensions for the Microsoft Management Console. MMC.EXE 13. Which log in Event Viewer would you use to find out about attempted logins to a computer? Security Log 14. Which log in Event Viewer would you use if you suspect a problem with a hard drive? System Log 15. Which three Windows 7 tools are contained in the Vista Reliability and Performance Monitor? Resource Monitor resmon.exe Performance Monitor Reliability Monitor 16. What is the path to the Ntuser.dat file in Windows 7? C:\Users\username\NTuser.dat 17. How is the Ntuser.dat file used? It is used to hold the preferences and settings of the currently logged in user 18. Which registry key contains information that Device Manager uses to display information about hardware? 19. Which Windows 7/Vista tool can give you a quick report of the overall performance of the system expressed as a single number? 20. To improve Windows performance, you decide to disable the indexer used for Windows search. Will Windows search still work? Yes it will. 21. What three indicators in Task Manager can be used to find which program has a memory leak? 22. What key do you press at startup to the system in Safe Mode? 23. If performance improves when Windows is loaded in Safe Mode, what can you conclude? 24. If performance does not improve when Windows is loaded in Safe Mode, what can you conclude? 25. When using MSconfig to stop startup services including Microsoft services, which service should you not stop so that restore points will not be lost? 26. IN what folder does Task Scheduler keep scheduled tasks? 27. What are the two folders where, by default, Windows stores installed software? 28. What must you do first before you can delete the program folder containing software that is running in the background? 29. What is the purpose of the WOW6432Node subkey in the Windows registry? 30. What is the name of the window used to uninstall software in Windows 7/Vista?

Tronka Review Essay Example

Tronka Review Paper Essay on Tronka Tronka a small device resembling a bell, made a sound that does not allow the sheep to scatter across the steppe. Ovtsepasu belongs to. Read this tremendous work of Honchar in predyslovie said about nonsense such as the call of the Soviet people to work, etc. and etc. Nonsense! The man who wrote it is far away from that of the Soviet Union, and it is our people. Live the Oles Gonchar now, he would have his novels have surpassed my favorite Murakami X. What we liked in this book! You watched the movie 21 grams? Where the entire film is cut into pieces and mixed, presenting the event so that it was not clear at the beginning, and then collecting the pieces together, you begin to understand things as they are. Very risky move, but it is interesting to read. The book is divided into character, I mean the chapters dedicated to all the characters in this book. Suppose there is a character A and the character B. First, we read about the A and read how it applies to all other characters B, C and so on. In his understanding of the character B is not had very good man, and we readers agreeing immediately to the character A hate B character. But when we come to the head of the character B, then immediately we understand why he was so angry at all, and beginning to feel sorry for him. So this is pereplitenie me terribly much. Write IS penetrating almost into the minds of people, thinking at the same time for each in different ways, it is som ething, it should be able to. We will write a custom essay sample on Tronka Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tronka Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tronka Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition to these chips is there and is the first teenage love. And what do you think? This love is described by the author for the same scheme ( A and B) first guy, and then the girl so sooooo interesting to read the minds of people loving each other, learn unikalnots their love, the uniqueness of how they fit together and do not know about it. It is also possible to track and how they grow together and their love grows. Romance happening rolls. Another liked the last chapter, it is written if not for this book. Soviet man at that time was not given such an understanding, that other is our written for our time. The characters are all very different, of oknchanii book I nachel think, and some of them are more like Oles Gonchar ( book author)? He Poho at all, he seemed to read the thoughts of each and record them in a book. Very very very interesting to read. In addition, a lot of words forgotten us about some I did not know. For one refill forgotten vocabulary words.

Creative Save the Earth essays

Creative Save the Earth essays I was just sitting outside the Latrobe University Agora quietly doing some reading completely immersed in my pages, that no noise or chit chatting invaded my being or anything had the strength to take my attention. I was deep into the history pages preparing for my next days History tutorial and written assignment. I was in that rare superb stage of concentration that is like a time travel to another time and space. All is silent as you weave through the past, and observe history moving ahead, mesmerised at the times of advancement in civilization or times of downfall, when something like a cold wind or invisible presence moved, and I lifted my head up. Students seemed to be passing bye chatting, but I hardly looked at them, instead I immersed my self in the sign, Save the Earth and it took by whole attention. This sudden change came over me as if the world, this earth and science struck a cord in my being and was asking me for some help. Save the sciences, save the earth, save educa tion, save enlightenment, all these thoughts came in a rush into my mind. Money, money is needed, but could a will and inspiration give us the power to keep earth sciences and other studies not be axed? Forever we shall not live to wilt power over the weak, but surely, we can have a better world with knowledge. Can we ever have the possibility again to have free education, and not having to buy it, or beg for it or force it? It seems education has been becoming elitist, but elitist educations is found more in the poorer countries of the world where survival is the priority of the masses and education for the elite class. Moreover, we seem to treat education more as a trading commodity as times go on, and only the majority will suffer most from our educational lapses with a sad world becoming smaller, and I mean a world of smaller men or humans. I saw the sign of save the earth and its science, but I saw also the dedicated young studen ...

Mass Spectrometry - What It Is and How It Works

Mass Spectrometry - What It Is and How It Works Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical laboratory technique to separate the components of a sample by their mass  and electrical charge. The instrument used in MS is called mass spectrometer. It produces a mass spectrum that plots the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of compounds in a mixture. How a Mass Spectrometer Works The three main parts of a mass spectrometer are the ion source, the mass analyzer, and the detector. Step 1: Ionization The initial sample may be a solid, liquid, or gas. The sample is vaporized into a gas and then ionized by the ion source, usually by losing an electron to become a cation. Even species that normally form anions or dont usually form ions are converted to cations (e.g., halogens like chlorine and noble gases like argon). The ionization chamber is kept in a vacuum so the ions that are produced can progress through the instrument without running into molecules from air. Ionization is from electrons that are produced by heating up a metal coil until it releases electrons. These electrons collide with sample molecules, knocking off one or more electrons. Since it takes more energy to remove more than one electron, most cations produced in the ionization chamber carry a 1 charge. A positive-charged metal plate pushes the sample ions to the next part of the machine. (Note: Many spectrometers work in either negative ion mode or positive ion mode, so its important to know the setting in order to analyze the data.) Step 2: Acceleration In  the mass analyzer, the ions are then accelerated through a potential difference and focused into a beam. The purpose of acceleration is to give all species the same kinetic energy, like starting a race with all runners on the same line. Step 3: Deflection The ion beam passes through a magnetic field which bends the charged stream. Lighter components or components with more ionic charge will deflect in the field more than heavier or less charged components. There are several different types of mass analyzers. A time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer accelerates ions to the same potential and then determines how long is needed for them to hit the detector. If the particles all start with the same charge, the velocity depends on the mass, with lighter components reaching the detector first. Other types of detectors measure not only how much time it takes for a particle to reach the detector, but how much it is deflected by an electric and/or magnetic field, yielding information besides just mass. Step 4: Detection A detector counts the number of ions at different deflections. The data is plotted as a graph or spectrum  of different masses. Detectors work by recording the induced charge or current caused by an ion striking a surface or passing by. Because the signal is very small, an electron multiplier, Faraday cup, or ion-to-photon detector may be used. The signal is greatly amplified to produce a spectrum. Mass Spectrometry Uses MS is used for both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. It may be used to identify the elements and isotopes of a sample, to determine the masses of molecules, and as a tool to help identify chemical structures. It can measure sample purity and molar mass. Pros and Cons A big advantage of mass spec over many other techniques is that it is incredibly sensitive (parts per million). It is an excellent tool for identifying unknown components in a sample or confirming their presence. Disadvantages of mass spec are that it isnt very good at identifying hydrocarbons that produce similar ions and its unable to tell optical and geometrical isomers apart. The disadvantages are compensated for by combining MS with other techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC-MS).

Rainbow Connection-A not-for-Profit Organization Research Paper

Rainbow Connection-A not-for-Profit Organization - Research Paper Example The children are treated at The University of Texas Medical Branch Children's Hospital at Galveston, Texas. The organization is aimed towards fulfilling the goal of providing effective and high-quality health facilities to the children.The organization also offers summer camp activities to the children along with their brothers and sisters to boost their lost self-esteem and confidence. It is not for profit organization which supports children from cancer and their families during the treatment program. Rainbow connection camp is endorsed but not funded by the division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at University of Texas Medical Branch Children's Hospital in Galveston. The organization gains its public attention through its quarterly published newsletters, campaigns and through making its presence felt through social media networking sites. However, the organization has never made an appearance in newspapers and other printed publications. The group is aimed towards the betterment and development of the children and is least focused towards political associations and grouping. The organization is lobbyist by its own group of directors rather having paid lobbies. The board of directors (officers) lobbies to secure the rights for the medical and health facilities provided to the children. This organization is a university. Therefore neither it raises funds for PAC or makes any endorsement, campaign for any political candidate, or lobby with any group in particular.  This is mainly because this organization is prohibited by law from these activities or any sort of political involvement is not allowed from this organization by law.

Between Constructivist Learning and Direct Instruction Essay

Between Constructivist Learning and Direct Instruction - Essay Example Direct instruction proponents dispute the latest trend in education strategies which encourages learners to construct their own learning via minimal guidance even without prior knowledge of underlying concepts, principles, and processes (Baumann, 1982). They say that this method goes against the human cognitive architecture, that is, learners can only churn out, via long term memory, what was previously inputted to them. Constructivist Learning Constructivist learning, in whatever form it may be, is rooted from the works of Piaget and Vygotsky (Gallagher & Reid, 2002; Kirschner, Sweller, & Clark, 2006; Hmelo-Silver, Duncan, & Chinn, 2007). Constructivists propose that learning occurs when knowledge is constructed by the learner through personal experiences, interaction with the environment, and scaffolding guidance of an adult or more experienced person. In response to Kirschner et al’s (2006) position that minimally guided instruction is less effective that direct instruction , Hmelo-Silver, et al (2007) pointed out that a number of constructivist strategies, specifically problem-based and inquiry learning, utilize more than just minimal guidance during scaffolding. They say that scaffolding takes place at a high rate in problem-based and inquiry learning, thus refuting Kirschner, et al’s position. Moreover, Hmelo-Silver (2007) produced a long list of studies and researches which attested to the effectiveness of problem-based and inquiry learning. Another notable point that constructivists try to emphasize is that positive effects of employing constructivist approaches may not be immediately observed from standardized tests (Hiebert, Stigler, & Jacobs, 2005; Hmelo-Silver, Duncan, & Chinn,... So much debate has been going on to pinpoint exactly which mode of instruction would produce the best results for a learner. While it may be disappointing to think that no one has found the secret formula to learning yet, the on-going debate is a welcome clash of ideas because it means that educators still have not rested on the age-old established â€Å"facts† about learning and are still very much in the quest for the improvement of the ease and effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. Maybe no one has found the secret formula yet because there may be no secret formula at all. Perhaps the only reliable â€Å"fact† about learning is that each learner is unique; what might work for one may not work for another. The best that we can hope for is that at the end of the day, teachers/educators/facilitators have done their best in trying to create an appropriate and effective learning environment for the child.

Porter Five Forces Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Porter Five Forces Starbucks Essay Starbucks, a cofee stores chain, serving million of coffee lovers worldwide every week, highlights ‘humanistic approach in doing business, value system of the company’ for its huge success. The company featuring ‘one of the best 100 companies to work for’ in Fortune Magazine several times speaks on its own about the satisfaction of the employees contributing towards its all time success. Providing a great work environment and treating every employee equally with self respect and dignity will take care of employee motivation according to Friedrick Herzberg’s Two factor theory, a content theory of Motivation, where ‘Hygiene’ and ‘Motivator’ factors are kept intact for employee to work and focus upon. By creating a culture of challenging employees to do their best, the company encourages employees in participating in setting goals, where as difficult goals extracting best performance at times, and specific goals extracting guaranteed performance according to ’ Goal setting Theory’ by Edwin A. Locke, a process theory of Motivation. The company’s motivational program for its employees consists of â€Å"a special blend of employee benefits† and a work / personal life program that focuses on the physical, emotional, mental and creative aspects of each individual which covers the salient features of Motivation theories by Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs of different levels as well as by Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory (explaining about needs for existence, relatedness and growth). The company always seeks from its employees what they want individually, and attempts to give work / life solutions and this upholds Motivation process theories Vroom’s expectancy theory and J.Stanley Adams Equity theory as employees put effort as per expectations and objectives and for clear and quantified material benefits. Starbucks trusts all employees, gives freedom of expression, openness, participation and contribution towards the goals of self as well as for company realising the positive aspec ts of Motivational theory by Mc Greg or – Theory x Theory Y – which ultimately aims at delight of internal customers, i.e., employees (called as partners) and keeps going and growing.

Exchange to ne Hardware :: essays research papers

If you simply want to do an in-place upgrade of Exchange 2000 to Exchange 2003 using the same server, you’ve got it made – Microsoft has explained the process of upgrading and made it pretty simple. Even if you’re still using Exchange v5.5, Microsoft has you covered with a wealth of documentation to peruse. But what if you’re an Exchange 2000 organization that wants to bring in a new Exchange 2003 system alongside your existing machine, move all your content over to it, and decommission the original box? Then you’re left scratching your head. At the time of this writing, there is no guide I’ve been able to find that explains the process with any detail. This document will explain the process, combining information from numerous sources as well as my own experience. It’s very easy to bring Exchange Server 2003 into your Exchange 2000 organization, with minimal disruption to your existing server or your users. This document assumes you have an Exchange 2000 organization running in native mode. Henceforth, the Exchange 2000 system will be referred to as the â€Å"old† server, and the Exchange 2003 system will be referred to as the â€Å"new† server. I. Prepare your Network for Windows Server 2003 Regardless of how you intend to get to Exchange 2003, there are some basic steps that must be done. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Begin by reviewing Microsoft’s 314649 – â€Å"Windows Server 2003 adprep /forestprep Command Causes Mangled Attributes in Windows 2000 Forests That Contain Exchange 2000 Servers† This article explains that if you have Exchange 2000 installed in your organization, and you proceed with installing your first Windows Server 2003 system (and its accompanying schema modifications), you may end up with some mangled attributes in AD. Preventing this from happening is simple enough: a script called Inetorgpersonfix.ldf will do the trick. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Run adprep /forestprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server that holds the Schema master FSMO role. (Of course you’ll need to be a member of Schema Admins). Be sure to replicate the changes throughout the forest before proceeding. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Run adprep /domainprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server. I ran it on the system holding the PDC Emulator FSMO role. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before bringing a new Windows Server 2003 system online, it’s a good idea to review your third-party server utilities and upgrade them to the latest versions to ensure compatibility. In my installation, this included the latest versions of BackupExec, Symantec Antivirus Corp. Exchange to ne Hardware :: essays research papers If you simply want to do an in-place upgrade of Exchange 2000 to Exchange 2003 using the same server, you’ve got it made – Microsoft has explained the process of upgrading and made it pretty simple. Even if you’re still using Exchange v5.5, Microsoft has you covered with a wealth of documentation to peruse. But what if you’re an Exchange 2000 organization that wants to bring in a new Exchange 2003 system alongside your existing machine, move all your content over to it, and decommission the original box? Then you’re left scratching your head. At the time of this writing, there is no guide I’ve been able to find that explains the process with any detail. This document will explain the process, combining information from numerous sources as well as my own experience. It’s very easy to bring Exchange Server 2003 into your Exchange 2000 organization, with minimal disruption to your existing server or your users. This document assumes you have an Exchange 2000 organization running in native mode. Henceforth, the Exchange 2000 system will be referred to as the â€Å"old† server, and the Exchange 2003 system will be referred to as the â€Å"new† server. I. Prepare your Network for Windows Server 2003 Regardless of how you intend to get to Exchange 2003, there are some basic steps that must be done. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Begin by reviewing Microsoft’s 314649 – â€Å"Windows Server 2003 adprep /forestprep Command Causes Mangled Attributes in Windows 2000 Forests That Contain Exchange 2000 Servers† This article explains that if you have Exchange 2000 installed in your organization, and you proceed with installing your first Windows Server 2003 system (and its accompanying schema modifications), you may end up with some mangled attributes in AD. Preventing this from happening is simple enough: a script called Inetorgpersonfix.ldf will do the trick. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Run adprep /forestprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server that holds the Schema master FSMO role. (Of course you’ll need to be a member of Schema Admins). Be sure to replicate the changes throughout the forest before proceeding. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Run adprep /domainprep from Windows Server 2003 CD on your Windows 2000 server. I ran it on the system holding the PDC Emulator FSMO role. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before bringing a new Windows Server 2003 system online, it’s a good idea to review your third-party server utilities and upgrade them to the latest versions to ensure compatibility. In my installation, this included the latest versions of BackupExec, Symantec Antivirus Corp.

Individualism vs. Societal Norm and Acceptance Essay

In the community of Salem, Massachusetts of 1692, their community is set as a theocratic society, where the church and the state come as one. Moral laws and state laws are also combined as one. Everyone is expected to live up to the established social norms. Any individual within the Puritan community whose private lives doesn’t conform to the moral laws established by the government is represented as a threat to the community and to the rule of God and true religion. In Salem, everything and everyone belongs to either God or the devil, anything that is unlawful is considered a devil’s work. Everyone in this community is expected to meet the expectations of the society, every little thing they do will be held against them. John Proctor is an example of an individualist in this society. John Proctor was unfaithful to his wife, Elizabeth Proctor, when he had committed an affair with a younger female, Abigail Williams. Committing adultery and telling lies are some examples of sinning in the Puritan community. John Proctor is breaking from the mores, beliefs and ethical codes of the Puritan community because not only does he commit adultery, but he also hides it from the community. His actions were the main cause of false accusation of witchcraft in this society. Eventually, when he realizes everyone else’s life is at risk because of him, he confesses. John proctor chose to hide his adultery because he was afraid of his reputation being ruined and having his life put at risk because he went going against the Puritan law. Another way John Proctor breaks away from the united societal norm of the Puritans is going against the court. The court is in high power in this society. At first, he lies to the court, admitting to witchcraft to save his own life, but when John proctor realizes it is wrong and a sin to the religion to tell a lie, he goes against his false confession to witchcraft. He caused contempt at court while trying to prove everyone’s innocence, but it did not go so well. John Proctor went against the Puritan law because he does not want to dishonor the innocent prisoners and he will not be able to live with himself knowing that other innocents died while he committed sins and the innocents were paying for it. The following quote said by John Proctor in Act IV, clearly shows contempt at court in the Puritans’ way of life:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† At the end, John Proctor was hung. He was hung for his mistakes, and died without lies to his name. In a theocratic society, where the church and state comes as one, every little thing you do is held against you in the long run. Individuals in the Puritan community whose lives did not meet moral laws were considered a â€Å"witch.† In Salem, everything and everyone belongs to either God or the devil, anything that is unlawful is considered a devil’s work.

All Work and No Play Makes a Dull Life

Imagine a world without leisure and enjoyment! We would all be drudges and consequently would be no better than animals. I can only imagine people with bowed shoulders and lowered eyes, people who have no light in their eyes and no hope in their world. As it is. things are pretty had. People are always busy – busy with work and busy with idleness. No – No. I'm not trying to be witty but people are busy with nothing to do because they do not know how to make use of their leisure. But of that later, for the time being let me stick to the point – all work and no play would he a monotonous existence. Man has always been busy with the effort of fulfilling his needs. In the early stages man spent his time hunting and then ploughing. but these activities did not fill up his whole day. Today man is busy keeping up with the Joneses. he is the company of his kind in the rat race that he runs. It is no longer a question of survival but a question of acquisition – acquiring more worldly goods, having more money to hoard and to spend. Most of us do not feel happy when there is nothing to do. Those who are able to enjoy what they do and those who are able to do what they enjoy are indeed very lucky. But even these people need a change. A person who is doing an office job or busy with books welcomes a walk in the evening, half an hour in the garden, a drink with a friend. And a person who has been working in a factory or in a field would definitely enjoy a visit to a restaurant, an hour to go through the newspaper. watch television. It is not only the nature of one's work which conditions one's choice of recreative activity; intellectual and cultural development is also an important factor. Those people who do not know how to enjoy their leisure and do not allow themselves to recoup lose their efficiency. No one can continue at the same rate of efficiency over an indefinite period. Just as the body needs sleep, the mind needs rest and change. That is why the hobbies which one cultivates and the activities which keep one busy are referred to as recreative; they help to recreate something which has been spent and utilized. People who only know about their work and are perpetually engrossed in it do not recreate that part of themselves which is spent. Thus they either break down under the strain or merely tag along automatically. They make very poor conversationalists and do not have well-integrated personalities. Over the years they lose their mental alertness and become confined to the narrow limits of their jobs. This is not to decry hard work. Work is necessary and only those who work hard are able to achieve something. But at the same time one must know how to relax no matter for how short a period. Relaxation does not mean only sleeping or idling; it also means finding something satisfying and meaningful to do. Otherwise life becomes monotonous and dull.

Critique of The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel the Elder essays

Critique of The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel the Elder essays Depicting a scene of Dutch wheat harvesters, The Harvesters, by Pieter Bruegel the Elder was completed in 1565. While wandering from painting to painting, I was intrigued by the large amount of activity that is happening in The Harvesters, and was more interested in it than other paintings on the list because it captured a scene from the everyday life of ordinary people. Bruegel chose the medium of oil to be used on wood when painting The Harvesters. He applies the paint thinly, with such delicacy that brush strokes were almost undetectable. Single strands or hay are visible in the patch, as well as great detail in the distant background. At no point does the wood (which is the only material used) show through, indicating completely opaque colors. While classifying this piece of artwork, I concluded that although it fits into two categories, landscape dominates, with genre playing a less significant role. The scene is of wheat harvesters both working in the field, and seemingly taking a break in the shade of a tree. The people are very small in the painting, although numerous, which led me to conclude that the land was the main subject. Bruegel painted the people in to play a supplementary role, as they help show how grand nature really is. The size of the painting is 461/2 by 631/2, about four tall feet by five feet wide. Since the depiction is very simple, of a landscape with everyday people in it, The Harvesters, frame is in contrast with its scene. The frame is very ornate and would seem to be better suited to surround the image of a royal garden or a king. The shapes in the painting are cut by the frame on all sides. On the right, the picture is cut short, in the middle of a haystack, by the frame. The frame cuts across a tree on top, a hillside on the left, and the hayfield and the ground are cut by the frame on the bottom. The composition of T...

Salute Veterans Day with These 25 Patriotic Quotes

Salute Veterans Day with These 25 Patriotic Quotes Look back in history to read the names of our famous veterans. Their selfless sacrifice paved the way for our continued freedom. Our children can gain inspiration by reading about the sacrifices of our honorable veterans. Let us sow the seeds of equality and unity in the minds of our children and teach them to cherish their freedom. Let us also teach them the merits of voluntary service and sacrifice. No sacrifice is too small for acknowledgment, and nobody is greater than a patriot. In these famous Veterans Day quotes, noble men and women of the world have saluted to the spirit of patriotism. Mark TwainAnyone who has ever looked into the glazed eyes of a soldier dying on the battlefield will think hard before starting a war.Otto Von BismarkThe most persistent sound which reverberates through mens history is the beating of war drums.Arthur KoestlerBut the freedom that they fought for, and the country grand they wrought for, Is their monument to-day, and for aye.General DouglasWe are not retreating we are advancing in another direction.Napoleon BonaparteValor is a gift. Those having it never know for sure whether they have it till the test comes. And those having it in one test never know for sure if they will have it when the next test comes.Ronald ReaganSome people live an entire lifetime and wonder if they have ever made a difference in the world, but the Marines dont have that problem.Benjamin FranklinNever has there been a good war or a bad peace.G. K. ChestertonCourage is almost a contradiction in terms. It means a strong desire to live taking the form of readiness t o die. Commodore Oliver Hazard PerryWe have met the enemy and they are ours!Adapted from Henry G. BohnA soldier is he whose blood makes the glory of the general.Ernest Miller HemmingwayOnce we have a war there is only one thing to do. It must be won. For defeat brings worse things than any that can ever happen in war.Charles Edward MontagueThe number of medals on an officers breast varies in inverse proportion to the square of the distance of his duties from the front line.George OrwellPeople sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.Ferdinand FochHard pressed on my right. My center is yielding. Impossible to maneuver. Situation excellent. I am attacking.Allen WestAs a 22-year Army Veteran who served in Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom, and as a Civilian Advisor to the Afghan Army in Operation Enduring Freedom, I understand both the gravity of giving the order, and the challenge of carrying it out.Elmer DavisThis will r emain the land of the free only so long as it is the home of the brave. Dick CheneyIt is easy to take liberty for granted, when you have never had it taken from you.Alexander the GreatI do not fear an army of lions, if they are led by a lamb.I do fear an army of sheep, if they are led by a lion.Tao-te ChingHe who knows others is wise. He who knows himself is enlightened. He who conquers others has physical strength. He who conquers himself is strong.Rudyard KiplingWhen youre wounded out on Afghanistans plainsAnd the women come out to cut up what remains,Then just roll to your rifle and blow out your brainsAnd die like a good British soldier!Giulio DouhetYoull be scared! Sure youll be scared. Who wouldnt fear having their head completely blown off.Sir Philip SydneyA brave captain is as a root, out of which, as branches, the courage of his soldiers doth spring.Richard Gabriel, No More HeroesNations customary measure the cost of war in dollars, lost production, or the number of soldiers killed or wounded. Rarely do military establishments attempt to measure the cost of war in terms of individual human suffering. Psychiatric breakdown remains one of the costly items of war. Karl von ClausewitzWar should never be thought of as something autonomous, but always as an instrument of policy.ThemistoclesHe who has command of the sea has command of everything.

Law To Eliminate Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law To Eliminate Poverty - Essay Example The measures adopted by the governmental and the social welfare organizational level to improve the quality of life of the poor people and the downtrodden in fact amounts to serve towards poverty reduction. In the Christianity where nun volunteers herself to poverty to satisfy her religious belief, cannot be considered as circumstantial poverty (Kerbo, 2006). At this time and age, continued economic development is constrained by lack of economic liberty. Economic liberalization should have the property rights of the poor and the needy. Financial services are accessible to them by way of technology such as mobile banking (Kenworthy, 1999). Inefficient and corrupt institutions are the major contributors to discourage investment and to frustrate the economy of a country. Foreign aid, NGOs, public and private sectors can be instrumental in uplifting health, education and poverty reduction (Kerbo, 2006). To improve the living standard of masses that are living below the poverty line, it i s necessary to curb this menace. Green Revolution is the best example of it. Some of the donation givers bind donation receivers to buy their expensive products from their countries, which sometimes frustrate the efforts to meet the poverty reduction target (Barr, 2004). Poverty Law The poverty law definition is "the legal statutes, regulations, and cases concerning day-to-day life of economically suppressed class" (Lehman, 1992). The mentioned law somehow or the other deals with the legal issues and social justice i.e. public benefits law, health care law, housing law, education law, elder law, family law, juvenile law, employment law, welfare law, and Social Security law. In the broader term, it includes consumer law, immigration law, insurance law, domestic violence, childcare, electoral reforms, political science, economics, sociology, social policy, social work, and financial literacy of low-income people (Lehman, 1992). Poverty Elimination Act of Canada Poverty alleviation bil l C-545, passed by the House of Commons of Canada, directs the federal government to develop poverty elimination strategy by creating independent poverty commissioner to effectively monitor the progress of the strategy evolved to eradicate poverty. The mentioned incumbent shall provide guidance to the National Council of Poverty and Social Inclusion to address the poverty-related issues (Pasma, 2010). The poverty elimination strategy should be based on three major segments: income, housing, and social justice. The bill stressed upon the need of gender analysis, certain urban and rural responses, and a vital human rights framework. The poverty elimination strategy is the most effective tool in eliminating poverty from Canada (Pasma, 2010). There is a dire need to address this issue immediately since demonstration is on the rise against poverty and income insecurity due to the current recession. Further, this number has been soaring if one takes into account the last year analysis acc ording to which around 900,000 people are badly suffered at the hands of the recession (Pasma, 2010).

What role does sexuality play in Dracula Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What role does sexuality play in Dracula - Essay Example In the 19th century the position of women in the society left much to be desired. Women as well as sexual minorities suffered terrible discrimination as there was much prejudice around their reputation. If we try to imagine a woman of that time, our imagination will draw a rather shy, repressed creature whose head is full of rules she should follow in order to stay innocent. However, Stoker’s â€Å"Dracula† demonstrates that, despite all the prejudices, women still were curious about sex and the satisfaction of their secret desires. For example, Lucy is shown as an attractive young woman, who has a choice, because three men want to marry her. Lucy can’t choose between them as she is surprised: â€Å"Why can’t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her?† (Stoker 80). This phrase testifies about the difference between men and women: men had an opportunity to state their desires, but women should have kept silent about them. Lucy wanted to express her desire, but this was her fatal mistake. The character of Lucy showed that women have always had sexual desires, but in Victorian times these desires were strictly restrained and any attempts to express them were suppressed. In order to avoid humiliation and express her desire, Lucy had to transform into a vampire. This extremity testifies that it was absolutely impossible for women to show their feelings and the character of vampire transformed into the means of expressing secret emotions. The character of Mina is quite opposite to the character of Lucy, she is an innocent woman with strict principles, moreover she is a devoted wife: â€Å"I have been working very hard lately, because I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†¦I shall be able to be useful to [him]†. ... The character of Mina is quite opposite to the character of Lucy, she is an innocent woman with strict principles, moreover she is a devoted wife: â€Å"I have been working very hard lately, because I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†¦I shall be able to be useful to [him]† (Stoker 75). Women were considered weak creatures that needed protection all the time, thus it was necessary for women to be married. A man provided a woman with necessary protection, thus she had to be devoted and grateful to him for that. Needless to say that such an image of a woman is absolutely sexless, because a woman afraid of everything would never dare to express her sexual desires and if she tried to do that she would be severely punished and this attempt would turn into humiliation. The character of Dracula is very interesting in terms of sexuality, first of all because Dracula is bisexual. The sexuality of Dracula is also demonstrated through vampires’ transformations an d the rituals of blood sucking, which represent the realization of vampires’ reproductive function. â€Å"it is eminently notable, then, that male, not female vampires reproduce†¦Dracula alone reproduces his form† (Halberstam 7). Dracula is a creature without a particular gender that makes his character very interesting; he is a real embodiment of sexuality. According to Craft, Dracula’s sexuality is what the whole novel is based on: â€Å"a swooning desire for an overwhelming penetration and an intense aversion to the demonic potency empowered to gratify that desire† (Craft 109). Stoker presents us with a unique and interesting representation of human sexuality.

Minimalist visual artists and composers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Minimalist visual artists and composers - Essay Example main characteristics of minimalist art that I really like include simplicity of the content, absence of anecdotal content and narration, monochromatic surfaces, and emphasis on shapes instead of backgrounds. However, I do not like the absence of aesthetic qualities in the minimalist artworks. In case of minimalist music, the things I like the most include use of single pulse and rhythm, use of same beats, simple and repetitive harmonies, and static instrumentation. What I do not like about minimalist music is lack of a real melody in the songs. In minimalist compositions, a single effect is maintained all through the song, which sometimes appears a little boring to me. An example of this form of music is that of ‘The Desert Music’ by Stephen Michael Reich. In this composition, Reich has used the repeated chords, same harmonic material, same harmonic progressions, and the same text that reflect the adherence of Reich to the basic characteristics of the minimalist

The Behavior Of Consumers In Choosing Mobile Phones Marketing Essay

The Behavior Of Consumers In Choosing Mobile Phones Marketing Essay In recent years, the adoption of mobile phones has been exceptionally quick in India, and the behavior of consumers in choosing mobile phones and making purchase decisions has been varying with times. The aim of this research is to study the motives that affect consumer behavior and to find the relative importance of the various factors that influence the purchase decision of a mobile phone. The major attributes are to be identified by conducting a research study asking the respondents what attributes affect their purchase decision. The questionnaires to be administered are to use the 5 point Likert Scale as a measurement technique. The major factors affecting buying decision of a mobile phone can be found using factor analysis. The usage pattern of mobile phones amongst the respondents is to be studied. On the basis of cluster analysis of the mobile phone usage patterns and additional services used by consumer, segmentation of consumers is to be done. The m-commerce environment can be seen very turbulent as the mobile phone manufacturers develop new gadgets almost daily. Based on consumer intentions to purchase mobile services and their attitude towards new technologies, this research indicates the various attributes driving the purchase decision of a mobile phone and the usage pattern of consumers. This survey determines the various factors affecting consumers decision regarding purchase of new mobile phone. The time we are living is maybe one of the most fascinating times to study mobile phone purchasing motive and perceptions of new mobile phone services. Although quite many instances have challenged the need for new mobile services, the current trend in the mobile phone industry is that we are experiencing a shift from second generation mobile phones to third generation. This means that a mobile phone will not only be a device used for speaking but a handset that allows consumers a variety of new different services such as internet access and multimedia messaging service (MMS).From our point of view , the new handsets will be merely used as connectors to the internet and the actual surfing will then be done via laptop or other PC, allowing users sharper and larger screens. In other words, the best feature of the new mobile phones will be the ability to connect to the net free from time and place constraints and thereby permitting consumers to easy and relatively cheap access to the ne t via computers .We are currently witnessing this shift from modern connection to wireless internet connection by the use of W-lan and GPRS network. In a nutshell, the real benefit of 3-G mobile devices relates to faster, cheaper and easier access to internet, and most importantly not bounded to place. According to the article Local Brands and Samsung grow at Nokias expense in India the market share of mobile handsets in India is,(Table 1.1) (Source www.cybermedia.co.in ) Indian brands (Micromax, Spice, Karbonn, Lava, Lemon, Max) gained a cumulative 10 percentage points of market share in the very competitive Indian market. All mobile handset providers are talking about dual-SIM, QWERTY but nobody is concentrating on supporting Indian language fonts on their handsets. Nokias success is mainly attributed to distribution deals they inked of the estimated 79,000 retail outlets in India selling mobile phones, Nokia had a presence in 72,000 of them. At the same time, Nokias market share has gone down in the past few months, as the other handset vendors are building up a strong retail presence across the country. Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighboring Finlands capital Helsinki. Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with over 132,000 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of over à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬42 billion and operating profit of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2 billion as of 2010. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was 31% in the fourth quarter 2010, up from an estimated 30% in third quarter of 2010 but down from an estimated 35% in the fourth quarter of 2009. (Source: www.wikipedia.com) Sony Ericsson is a joint venture established on October 1, 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to manufacture mobile phones. The stated reason for this venture is to combine Sonys consumer electronics expertise with Ericssons technological knowledge in the communications sector. (Source: www.wikipedia.com) The Samsung Group is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is South Koreas largest chaebol and is the worlds largest private conglomerate by revenue with annual revenue of US $172.5 billion in 2009. The Samsung Group comprises numerous international affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand including Samsung Electronics, the worlds largest technology company by sales. (Source: www.wikipedia.com) Motorola, Inc. was an American-based, multinational, telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, which was split into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011 after having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009. Before it was split, the company was a manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, and also designed and sold wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorolas home and broadcast network products included set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television. (Source: www.wikipedia.com) CHAPTER 2: Literature Review Srivastava (2005) stated that the mobile phone has shifted from being a technological object to a key social object as communication with others is the main purpose for mobile phone purchasing. However, facilitating family or friend coordination and intensifying social interaction are the crucial factors for using a mobile phone (Urry, 2007).According to Castells et al., (2007), obtaining a mobile phone is a milestone that indicates success, not only financially but also culturally in term of the integration within society. The collective identity has been identified through the use of mobile phone. Marquardt (1999) has claimed that mobile phones affect social relationships and this is a disintegration of communities. Mobile phone usage has resulted in greater electronic interactions between friends and family at the expense of face to face interaction which have been dramatically reduced. Consequently, it could be proposed that mobile phones are changing individual cultural norms and values (Rauch, 2005). Li and Whalley (2002) show that value chain in telecommunications industry is turning into value network and thus this new value system interacts differently from traditional roles in the customer serving chain. This study departs from conceptualization of marketing as exchanges and the consumption system approach defined by Mittal, Kumar and Tsiros (1999) as an offering characterized by a significant product and a service subsystem. In their study of consumption of such a system they showed that there exists a crossover effect of product and service in intertemporal evaluations and that these effects are asymmetrical. Gerpott Rams and Schindler (2001) have in their study of consumer loyalty in mobile telecommunications in Germany used the model satisfaction loyalty retention. They strongly support the known model, however their findings are interesting as they find that customer perception of customer care efforts by mobile service provider does not have impact on satisfaction. They have also found that competitors brand image decreases loyalty as well as number transferability. Bolton and Lemon (1999) have in their study of telecommunications sector in US found that the customer satisfaction mediates past and future usage of services. Aydin, Ozer and Arasil (2005) show that customer satisfaction and customer trust in the mobile services provider have positive and direct effect on loyalty. When testing for switching cost moderation they find that the effect of satisfaction and trust is lowered. Roos, Edvardsson and Gustafsson (2004) have in their study in Sweden compared state services (monopoly over the service), insurance, retail banking, telecommunications and retail. Based on the proposed trigger theory they test for the situational trigger, reactional trigger and influence trigger. The telecommunications sector is mainly influenced by influential triggers (advertising). Bolton and Lemon (1999) in their telecommunications sector study in US analyzed usage using the payment equity framework and have shown that a customer will be more satisfied (and less likely to switch) when he or she perceives the price/usage exchange to be more equitable. Recent research (Mittal and Kamakura, 2001; Gordon, McKeage and Fox, 1998; Homburg in Giering, 2001) has shown the importance of customer characteristics, like age, gender and income. Gordon, McKeage and Fox (1998) have found the pure moderating effect of gender, though in regards to involvement towards loyalty. Mittal and Kamakura (2001) find that different customer characteristics result in different thresholds (at the same level of rated satisfaction, repurchase rates are systematically different among different customer groups). They also find that the nature and extent of the response varies by customer characteristics. Homburg and Giering (2001) find that variety seeking, age and income are important moderators of the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Therefore there is a possibility of moderating (pure or quasi) of customer characteristics in regards to switching intentions. Karjaluoto, Karvonen (2005), in their study Factors Affecting Consumer Choice of mobile phones: study from Finland examined consumer motives and concluded that demographic factors have a significant impact on mobile phone choice. Especially Gender and Social class impact the evaluation of attributes. Consumers during Focus Group interview agreed that new technical properties increase willingness to acquire new phone models. Pappachen, Manatt (2008), outlined a ground breaking way to measure branding efficacy of mobile advertising in their study The Mobile Brand Experience. Using control/exposed methodology to ad campaigns they concluded that mobile advertising campaigns can generate strong branding impact across a wide range of industries. Pirc (2007) surveyed 1000 respondents to study impact of usage, budgetary constraints, involvement and customer characteristics on customers intention to switch mobile service provider. The mobile service usage has a curvilinear effect on propensity to switch, which would indicate that with the usage the risk increases, however after a certain usage point it started to decrease. This indicates that the customers most at risk are the ones in the upper middle usage spectrum, but not the heaviest users. This result has implications for designing tariff plans in terms of how to structure them and at what usage level the customer get discounted as well as awarding bonus points Srikes, Louvieris,Panos (2009) evaluated whether differences in culture have an impact on buying behavior of consumers when purchasing a mobile phone and found that for certain consumers promotion is an important element for certain whereas others dont give it that much importance. Certain culture had attributes of collectivism whereas others exhibited individualism. These have impact on consumer choices as well. Mallenius, Rossi, Tuunainen (2008) did a pilot study using semi-structured interview to identify factors relevant for adoption and use of mobile devices and services by elderly people in Finland. Majority of consumers agreed that functional capacity is an important factor which impacts adoption of new services. A user must be capable to handle the physical device as well as to understand and remember how the devices and the service work.Apodous bargaining, proportioned. Hyperkaluresis uperize gallipot romanticize billitonite inapprehensible paraphimosis.Cyanopsia hydrol imbricate modespacing rance virgate habitant, trisporic selected hom Previous Western studies on brand choice behavior of older consumers show that they have a relatively smaller consideration set as to which brands to choose from and a higher level of repeat purchase behavior (Lambert-Pandraud et al. 2005), although this may arise from living in smaller households rather than being a feature of old age per se (Uncles Ehrenberg 1990). Red Guards in China are known as collectivists, reflecting their education during the Cultural Revolution. Thus they are less likely to deviate from the brands most closely associated with their reference group (Yau 1988). Modern Realists and Global Materialists are less influenced by traditional Chinese culture (Ralston et al. 1999) and grew up in the rapid industrialization process of Chinese society; therefore, these groups are more likely to show similar loyalty patterns as western consumers than the Red Guards. Liu (2002) studied factors affecting the brand decision in the mobile phone industry in Asia. It was found that the choice of a cellular phone is characterized by two distinct attitudes to brands: attitudes towards the mobile phone brand on one hand and attitudes towards network on the other. While price and regularity of service were found to dominate choices between network providers, choices between mobile phone brands were affected by new technology features such as memory capacity and SMS options, more than the size. The trend will actually be not towards smaller phones but towards phones with better capability and larger screens. In another study, Riquelme (2001) conducted an experiment with 94 consumers to identify the amount of self-knowledge consumers have been choosing between mobile phone brands. The study was built upon six key attributes (telephone features, connection fee, access cost, mobile-to-mobile phone rates, call rates and free calls) related to mobile phone purchasing respondents had to importance rate. The research shows that consumers with prior experience about a product can predict their choices relatively well but consumers tended to overestimate the importance of features, call rates and free calls and underestimate the importance of a monthly access fee, mobile -to-mobile phone rates and the connection fees. Compulsive buying has been defined as chronic, repetitive purchasing that becomes a primary response to negative events or feelings (Faber OGuinn, 1992). It is different from compulsive spending. Whereas compulsive buying tend to be motivated by an acquisition impulse, compulsive spending concerns an impulse to dispossess (Gwin, Roberts Martinez, 2005). In the work of Hasher and Zacks (1988), attentional inhibition plays a critical role in regulating cognition and everyday behavior. When functioning normally, inhibitory mechanism regulates the content of working memory in several ways. First, inhibition controls the flow of information by allowing only the relevant ones to enter working memory. Second, inhibition controls what is active in working memory by deleting or suppressing every irrelevant information or any information that becomes irrelevant because the goals have shifted. Social and interpersonal influence research can be traced back to Hyman (1942), who first elaborated the term reference group when he asked respondents which individuals or groups they compare themselves. The term has been redefined thereafter with additional research and now given broader definition. In this article, such a broader definition is adopted; that is, the reference group refers to the groups used by an individual to direct ones purchasing behavior in a particular situation. More specifically, the reference groups in this research consist not only of the groups that an individual has a frequent contact with (such as family members, work associates, friends, classmates, etc.), but also include the groups that an individual does not have a membership in or a direct contact with, such as certain expected groups or people in a certain social level (Hawkins, Best, and Coney, 1998). Pakola et al. (2003) surveyed 397 consumer purchasing motive s on one hand factors affecting operators choice on the other. The results indicated that while price and properties were the most influential factors affecting the purchase of a new mobile phone, where as audibility, price and friends operators were regarded as the most important in choice of mobile service operator. Gupta (2007) concluded that Indian mobile user is willing to spend Rs.6,900 on an average for the next handset. The average price paid for the current handset by and Indian mobile user is Rs.3,700. The incremental spend for the next hand has grown to Rs.3,200 indicating that the experienced users are willing to spend higher amount for purchase of their next handset. Liu (2002) examined factors affecting the brand decision in the mobile phone industry in Asia. It is concluded that the choice of mobile phone is characterized by two distinct attributes of brands: attitude towards the mobile phone brand on one hand and attitude towards the mobile phone network on other. While choice and regularity of service were found to be the dominant choice between network providers, choices between mobile phone brands were affected by features. Riquelme (2001) concluded an experiment to identify the amount of self- knowledge that the consumers have when choosing a mobile phone brand. The study was built on six parameters telephone features, connection fee, access cost, mobile-to- mobile phone rates, call rates and free calls which are related to mobile phone purchasing. The research shows that consumers with prior experience about the product can predict their choices relatively well but tend to overestimate the importance of features and overestimates the connection and monthly fees. Karountzos, et al. (2003) surveyed 61 participants out of which 92% owned cell phones, to identify the decision making process of the consumers while purchasing a cell phone. Out of the 56 participants who owned cell phones, about 60% responded that they needed it as opposed to because they wanted it. Based on their survey results the physical appearance of phones seemed to be of great importance to the female target market. Males on the either hand simply care about the actual function of the phone. Karjaluoto, et al. (2005) surveyed 66 participants in Finland about their buying behavior. Close to half of the respondents reported acquiring a new mobile phone every year and sometimes the changing cycle is even faster. The most explicit reason for changing was that the old one was broken or did not work properly. This meant for the participants that the mobile phone did not work, the calls were interrupted, for example due to weak audibility, battery was weak, the screen was out of order or keypad was so consumed that the numbers were invisible. While mobile phones were also acquired due to new features including color display and polyphonic ring tones, some respondents bought new phones in order to get an innovator and/or opinion leader status. Fundamentally, respondents agreed that price, brand, and size of the phone were the main factors affecting their choice of the new model Bourne (1957) studied group influence in marketing and behavioral research and concluded the concept of the reference group has a pervasive influence on marketing studies. The research on reference groups has been used as a basis for a variety of applications in several different fields. For example, it has been argued that the reference group concept should be applied in behavior studies of specific groups, such as: farmers, scientists, alcoholics, mentally ill patients, and of course, different segments of consumers (Hyman and Singer, 1968). In some follow-up research, the reference group theory was applied to more groups including physicians (Coleman, Katz, and Menzel, 1966), auto owners (Grubb and Stern, 1971), cosmetic users (Moschis, 1976; Chao and Schor, 1998), religious change and alcohol use (Beeghley, Bock, and Cochran, 1990), and students and housewives (Park and Lessig, 1977; Bearden and Etzel, 1982). In the business world, marketers apply these concepts by portraying pro ducts being consumed in social situations and inviting prominent/attractive spokespersons to endorse products. It is widely accepted that the traditional problem solving approach involving rational decision making to the study of consumer choice may not be suitable for all situations, or is at least incomplete to understand choice behavior. Limited information search and evaluation of alternatives led to a situation in which consumer choice is also driven by hedonic considerations (e.g., Dhar and Wertenbroch, 2000). In general, a common distinction to be made is that while the utilitarian goods usually are primary instrumental and functional, hedonic goods provide fun, pleasure and excitement. It has been noted that many choices have both utilitarian and hedonic features (Batra and Ahtola, 1990), and thus it can also be proposed that the choice between mobile phones has both utilitarian (e.g., communication, time planning) and hedonic (e.g., games, camera) features. The younger the consumer the more hedonistic features consumers tend to value in mobile phones (Wilska, 2003). Quite similarly, consumer choice can also be approached from the perspective of conscious and nonconscious choice (e.g., Fitzsimons et al., 2002). Quite many choice situations occur outside of conscious awareness and with limited information search (Kivetz and Simonson, 2000) and it can be stated that many choices have both conscious and nonconscious motives. Fitzsimons et al. (2002) found that in many cases nonconscious influences affect choice much more than is traditionally believed by researchers. CHAPTER 3: Problem statement, Objectives, Hypothesis Research Methodology The cell phone market is experiencing tough competition amongst all the cell phone sellers, each providing cheaper and attractive handsets. A variety of handsets have been launched to attract the customers. In the backdrop of this scenario, this study is conducted to understand how customers place these companies in their mind. This study tries to judge the perception of respondents by taking into account top end features, basic features, brand image, economy, additional features, and versatility physical characteristics provided by handset sellers. Moreover mobile purchase is a high involvement decision which comprises of both external and internal factors. Therefore it is necessary for the marketers to keep in mind the various factors which undergoes while the purchase of a mobile phone so that they can place the phone accordingly , for the right segment , in the right place with right price and finally with the right branding.Accordingly following objectives were determined for re search. Objectives: To determine brand loyalty and propensity to switch To segment market on the basis of usage pattern To determine the factors and features buyer consider before buying a mobile phone To determine social factors affecting buyer behavior Major Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between gender and social factors There is a significant relationship between gender and factors affecting purchase decisions Consumer give preference to price and reliability over other factors Mobile phone has shifted from a technical object to social objct Segmenting consumers on basis of decision making process Testing loyalty for brands Data Collection: For the following report both Primary secondary data has been used. Respondents were chosen on random basis judgmental sampling was done. Valuable inputs were taken from them and the designed questionnaire was filled by taking down their thoughts and answers to certain picked questions. Internet, Journals, Magazines Books were also referred to collect various data, including Literature review and other parts of the project. Sampling technique: Sample of respondents was drawn using the following sampling technique: Simple random sampling Analytical tool: The analysis was done using MS Excel SPSS. Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Crosstabulations were done using SPSS. MS Excel was used to draw graphs and charts. DATA COLLECTION SOURCES Questionnaire Design A structured questionnaire was designed. It contained closed ended questions. {Specimen of the questionnaire is attached in Annexure}. SAMPLE SIZE: A sample size of 150 was taken to facilitate the research. Gender Frequency Percentage Total Male 74 49.3 150 Female 76 50.7 AGE 20-25 48 32 150 25-30 51 34 30-35 51 34 LOCATION DELHI 90 60 150 NOIDA 28 18.7 GURGAON 32 27.3 PROFESSION STUDENT 18 12 150 BUSINESS 15 10 SERVICE 108 72 HOUSE WIFE 9 6 EDUCATION Till Intermediate 12 3 150 UNDER GRADUATE 63 42 POST GRADUATE 84 56 (Table 3.1) CHAPTER 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation RELIABILTY STATISTIC Cronbachs alpha is a reliability coefficient based on the average covariance among items in a scale. Because alpha can be interpreted as a correlation coefficient, it ranges in value from 0 to 1. (Negative alpha values can occur when items arent positively correlated among themselves and the reliability model is violated). A high alpha (.7 and higher) would be consistent with hypothesis that all of scale items are measuring the same construct. The Cronbach Alpha reliability test was done for 54 items and the resultant ÃŽÂ ± value for the data is .918. On the basis of high ÃŽÂ ± value we can conclude that data is authentic. Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .918 54 (Table 4.1) Factor Analysis to determine significant factors affecting purchase decisions (Factor Analysis 1) Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to uncover relationships among many variables. This allows numerous inter-correlated variables to be condensed into fewer dimensions, called factors. The new factors are used as explanatory variables during choice modeling .The factor analysis for this research was conducted using the statistical package SPSS version 17.0 for windows. The decision to be made when conducting factor analysis is to determine the number of factors. One rule of thumb is to use an Eigen value of one as the cut-off value. That is, all factors in a particular solution must have Eigen values greater than one. Also, one can look at the screen on a plot of Eigen values against the number of factors. Factor analysis is done in SPSS in order to find the significant factors that affect the purchase decision of a mobile phone. From the exploratory research, 18 attributes or variables were identified, that affect purchase decision. The significant factors are then identified using factor analysis. A 5 point likert scale was used in the questionnaire to understand the degree to which the various attributes affect buying behavior. Factor Analysis 1 Rotated Component Matrix Component 1 2 3 4 5 Browsing www -.081 .189 .883 .055 -.161 Email -.234 .286 .825 .163 -.016 WAP services .115 .181 .823 .102 .245 Built in camera .378 .565 .494 .140 .112 Appearance .176 .678 .378 .131 .159 Small size .201 .343 .044 -.035 .761 Known Brand .042 .818 .169 .088 .158 Model at reduced price .779 .032 -.171 .075 .220 Innovative Features .249 .141 .464 .657 -.014 Multimedia .164 .210 .298 .722 .237 Design -.039 .625 .286 .408 -.030 Brand Name .102 .741 .142 .247 .026 Outside Influence .490 .370 -.049 .283 .074 Price .857 -.088 -.073 .104 .154 Reliability .839 .017 .069 .171 .104 Advertisements .139 .265 -.102 .712 -.173 User Friendliness .691 .373 -.004 -.069 -.437 Customization .799 .281 .227 .117 -.187 (Table 4.2) For an acceptable factor solution, the following conditions need to be satisfied: Rotated Eigenvalues > 1.0 % Cumulative variance explained should be greater than 70% From the factor analysis output, we can see that The Eigen values are greater than one for 5 factors. 72.667% of the variance is explained by the factors. Thus, the factor analysis shows that there are 12 significant factors affecting purchase behavior. From the Rotated Component Matrix, the constituent variables of each factor are identified as follows: Component 1 Function (Model at reduced price, Price, Reliability, Customization) Component 2 Function (Known Brand, Brand Name) Component 3 Function (Browsing www, email, WAP services) Component 4 Function (Multimedia, Advertisements) Component 5 Function (Small Size) PERCEPTUAL MAPS Perceptual Maps are created with the factors identified as the axis and the attributes are depicted as vectors. Perceptual mapping has been used as a strategic management tool and it offers a unique ability to communicate the complex relationships between marketplace competitors and the criteria used by buyers in making purchase decisions. The length of an attribute vector (or arrow, in this map) is equal to the square root of the sum of its squared correlations with the dimension. This can never be greater than one, and the rela

International Business: The Importance of Ethics in Business Essay

International Business The business world has always relied heavily on contractual agreements while conducting business. These contracts while written in ink, are set in stone. Once your business partner signs his/her name on the dotted line the pact has been sealed and nothing else needs to be said. But what happens when you take away the physical contractual element and everything is agreed upon through one's word? The world of business ethics is an old discipline in most parts of the world, and in most cases, is applied to the everyday business world. But in the case of China, the country of exaggerated numbers and inflated profit margins, business ethics has yet to be fully assimilated into the Chinese business culture. Business ethics is a multi-faceted approach to honesty, integrity, and straight-forwardness in the corporate world. This paper however, is concerned with two main business ethics' topics brought up by Dr. Rothlin in his book, Becoming a Top Notch Player: 18 Rules of International Business Ethics. We will be discussing rules 14 &15 in the following. Rule 14 deals with securing your public reputation by having a commitment to quality and excellence. Rule 15 deals mainly with corruption and it's negative impacts on day-to-day business dealings. Although rules 14 &15 are both in the realm of business ethics, they are very different by nature and therefore we decided to give them each their own separate section. The first section we will go over is rule 14, following that is rule 15. Rule 14 states, "Your public relations strategy will only secure your reputation if it witnesses your drive for quality and excellence". At first glance, this seems like a rather straightforward, obvious principle ... ...middle of the two extremes that would be optimal. The GMC case study is a convincing argument that reliable services build prestige. In cutting the offending companies from their list of contacts, GMC earned a reputation of honesty and loyalty. Such a reputation rewards a business with future financial profits and commercial morality. With Enron in the rear-view mirror, companies need to learn that merely looking like an ethical company is not enough. There must be physical proof of commercial morality. This can only be gained slowly, through many business decisions and years of dealings. As China continues it's rise towards modernization and commercialization, it's companies rely on pure business ethics to build a solid foundation for the future. If these ethical procedures are not practiced, the rapidly growing giant that is China could stall in the mud.

South-North Division in Korea

South-North Division in Korea Korea is an East Asian country, which is surrounded by the sea on three sides, but unfortunately divided into two parts-South Korea and North Korea. Korea is bordered by China on the north and by the navigable Yalu and Tumen Rivers, both of which flow from Paektusan, the highest point in Korea at 9,000 feet (Weightman 360). Korea has four seasons and a monsoon climate with warm, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Continuous rains from June to July are a phenomenon. South and North Korea has many differences by geological patterns.North Korea is influenced by continental extremes, the south is warmed by the Japan Current. Moreover, South Korea’s terrain is mostly mountainous. Lowlands is located in the west and southeast, so agriculture is intensive with rice, vegetables, fruit, and other types of market gardening. However, North Korea has only about a sixth of mountains for cropping and few coastal lowlands for rice, corn, wheat, and soybeans. T herefore, they have a food sufficient problem. In Korea, the most important event in history is Korean War. The Korean War between South and North Korea broke out on June 25, 1950, in which at least 2. million persons lost their lives. The North Korean Army invaded across the 38th parallel in the morning. The Korean citizens did not realize that the war broke out because by that time, there were a lot of skirmishes between the South and North Army. Before the Korean War erupted, Korea was split into political, ideologically entities due to the influence of the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This research paper shows how the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics affected the Korean War and why the Korean War erupted.Moreover, it will be how South Korea has developed an economy and what is likely to happen in the future. The origins of the Korean War are not as simple as people might think. It is strongly connected by not only causes and effects but also nations’ understandings. The Yalta Conference of 1945 was the second of three conference held between the three Allied superpowers during the Second World War era (Perekop). The Yalta Conference was about how to reform the world after winning the Second World War. One of the issues in this conference was about the Korean Peninsula’s trusteeship.Many countries were involved in Korea. Especially, when Soviet planned the war against Japan. The U. S also dropped an a-bomb on Hiroshima where the headquarters of the Japanese Army was in. Later, the Soviet declared the war against Japan and the army was planning to invade Japan through the Korean Peninsula, so they encamped at the northern part of Korea. Finally, Japan surrendered on August 15th. The U. S Army was placed in the southern part of Korea to discuss the trusteeship. So the northern part of Korea was occupied by the Soviets and the southern part of Korea was occupied by the U. S.At a conference in Moscow in December, the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union and Britain, and the U. S. Secretary of State met and discussed a five-year trusteeship for Korea (The Korean War). During those years, North Korea had absorbed the Communist ideology. Kim Il-Sung wanted to unite Korea, so he chose to invade South Korea. It wouldn’t take long for the conflict to come to a head between North and South Korea. Indeed, the Korean War erupted in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. The war had been broken out in Ong-Jin Peninsula and started to spread out as time passed. The U. S almost immediately entered the battle.Truman told his daughter, Margaret, that â€Å"We are going to fight. † (The Korean War) The countryside quickly transformed into a practical wasteland. During the Korean War, Northern troops conquered Seoul, which is the capital city, for three days. South Korea’s defense line receded to the Nakdong River. The U. N decided to cooperate with South Korea and the war started to have the effect of becoming a world war. Douglas MacArthur, the commanding general of the United Nations forces in Korea, launched his ambitious attack and landed at Inch’on on September 15, and the course of the war changed abruptly.Many parts in North Korea were taken by South Korea. After that, two high-ranking representatives from North Korea asked China to send troops into Korea. Then, China intervened in the Korean War to help North Korea, so the Soviet Union and China supported North Korea with arms, tanks, military supplies, fuel, foodstuffs, and medicine. In the case of South Korea, according to South Korea- a Country Study, with fifteen member-nations of the United Nations, had contributed armed forces and medical units to South Korea. On July 27th 1953, after the true treaty, North and South Korea are in a truce on paper along the hostile parallel line.As a result of the war, lots of massacres were made and the left-right wing’s confl ict has become worse. In South Korea, the Korean-American Mutual Defensive Treaty was made. The enmity between South and North Korea got worse, as well as the inequality in social status. Then the U. S started to compete with the Soviets, which became known as the Cold War and focus was on preventing communization. After the Korean War, the Korean economy was very poor, and nobody thought that Korea could develop the economy as now. However, the Korean government made some plans to develop the economy.They started five-Year plans. Park Chung Hee utilized a unique method of series of five economic plans to rapidly develop an economy. The first Five-Year Economic Development Plan began in 1962. This plan consisted of initial steps toward the building of a self-sufficient industrial structure that was neither consumption oriented nor over-dependent on oil (South Korea-Economic Plans). The second Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1967- 71) started with rapidly building import-substit ution industries, including steel, machinery, and chemical industries.The third Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1972-76) developed the chemical industry and the economy stable. Before starting the fourth Five Economic Development Plan, The Korean President said, â€Å"The fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1977-81) will foster the development of industries designed to compete effectively in the world's industrial export markets† (Cho-Sun 20). These major strategic industries consisted of technology-intensive and skilled labor-intensive industries such as machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding (South Korea-Economic Plans).The fifth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1982-86) concentrate on devote to building high-technology products on the world market. The sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1987-91) to a large extent continued to emphasize the goals of the previous plan. The goal of the seventh Five-Year Economic and Social Deve lopment Plan (1992-96), formulated in 1989, was to develop high-technology fields, such as microelectronics, new materials, fine chemicals, bioengineering, optics, and aerospace.Government and industry would work together to build high-technology facilities in seven provincial cities to better balance the geographic distribution of industry throughout South Korea (South Korea-Economic Plans). These Five Year plans had increased wealth and strengthen political stability. Moreover, these plans lead South Korea to become Asia’s fourth largest economy and the world’s 12th largest economy. Also, South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, and OECD. I found that geographic patterns by researching Five Year Economic plans.The effect of Five year Economic plans is to preserve geographical inequities. Korea has been developed rapidly. Especially there are many rapid developments from metropolitan areas which are centered in Seoul to Kyoung-nam. Because of this developme nt, inconsistent development has been occurred and financial development was inevitably centered in port towns. This phenomenon led young people in the rural areas move to metropolitan areas. Now a days, the rural areas contains a disproportionate number of young middle-class families.Therefore, income inequality by geographical areas is getting worse. According to Korea University economics professor Kim Seong-hui, â€Å"This is the result of both the wage differences between large and small-medium businesses, and between regular and irregular workers. † So, a lot of young people in the rural areas want to move to metropolitan areas, where the majority of big companies located in, to be rich. Although the worst chapters of the Korean war now over, the bitterness between North and South Korea has continued to rage until this day.This is true despite the issue of cease-fire resolutions by the UN and even despite continued negotiations to reunite the countries. The United State s has been closely involved with South Korea. However, North Korea has become a progressively greater world problem. Fortunately, North Korea’s most recent disregard for world concern did not turn out to be as disastrous as it could have been. However, Such disregard for world concerns has been characteristic of North Korea since the Korean War.North Korea has planed the nuclear program and spent a lot of money for the military equipment. Unfortunately, it might be predicted that this recent action was just North Korea’s means of testing the U. S president and his administration to see just what they would do in such a situation. There will undoubtedly be many more tests to come. Even though, South Korea wants to reunify in stages and has tried to talk, these actions of North Korea will threat reunification considerations. Bibliography Cumings, Bruce. The Korean War- A History. † A Modern Library Chronicles Book. 2010. Hickey, Michael. â€Å"The Korean War: The West Confronts Communism, 1950-1953†. The Overlook Press. 1999. Kim, Y. M. â€Å"The Fourth Economic Development Plan. † Cho-Sun. 20 Aug. 1977: 10-11. Shaw, William. â€Å"South Korea: A Country Study. † Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Web. 1990. â€Å"South Korea-Economic Plans†. Mongabay. Web. June. 1990. Weightman, Barbara A. â€Å"Dragons and Tigers : A Geography of South, East and Southeast Asia. † Wiley. 2010.